Human Resource Management and Recruitment related issues - Free Essay Example

Introduction There are two topics on which we will are going to discuss, i.e. Human Resource Management and Recruitment related issues. Firstly, we will be talking about human resource management which comprises mainly of four functions, namely, acquisition, development, motivation and retention which have different role in management of human resources. Another issue is recruitment, selection and induction which we will be explaining on the basis of taking an example of Dubai Hospital. If we talk about Human Resource Management then it is an approach to focus on the people who are the main assets of an organization who individually contribute to the success of the business. It simply means that employing people, the capabilities of an individual is developed out there and utilizing their services in tune with the job. Recruitment means simply providing some employment to the people working in an institution and is capable to perform any type work. Human Resource Management- First of all, the greatest assets which an organization could find is in the form of human which is the basic need of an organization through which many works gets completed such as dealing with the customers, performing business transactions, managing cash flow and doing all form of communication all across India and the HR management is totally responsible in which manner people are treated in the company. In all type of organizations its not necessary that HR department is formed like in small firms so there is line manager which operates the function of HR manager. (Human Resource Management) Human Resource Planning- Now, we will be discussing about Human Resource Planning. The term generally used to ensure that the staff working in the company is the right staff to perform the same work. There is a need of planning for human resource available in the organization to uplift the performance of the company and employers as well but the main issue is the economic development of the company. There are various factors which can be included in the HR planning which are, determining number of employers to be employed at a new location in which there is specific number of employers which are to be given appointment at some location which should be carefully and strategically applied if not then it can result in overstretching of the staff and making it hard for the managers to meet the production. There should be proper retaining of your highly skilled staff and monitor on the extent of resignation which are being given by the key staff and discover the reasons for it and find out what the organization is costing for this and how it can be improved. There is an issue which all managers are facing that is cutting of staff without affecting the outcome and at the same time saving the long-term interest of organization. This problem can be solved by proper HR planning by fixing some appropriate recruitment level and the utility in performing some actions like retraining, redeployment and transfers. The implementation is the most important aspect of the HR planning but most of the organizations want that their HRP system should be responsive to the change and where assumptions are easily handled, plans which are simple to understand and not too demanding. The plans should be framed like that it allows flexibility in supply recognize organizational fluidity. To operate the above defined system the needs of organization should be that demands of the models should be appropriate, an understanding should be created to understand how resourcing works in the organization and above all ther e is a need of an next generation manager which can understand the needs of the market and could perform well in adverse situation and which has the capability to hold mass of employees under it in healthy environment which is appropriate for them to nourish and work better. (P, 1996) Human Resources Planning Related to Dubai Hospital- The Dubai hospital present in Dubai has a well planned usage of human resources because mostly public living there is very conscious towards their health. In health care sector the most important resources are human beings but you would be thinking about the machines and gadgets but let me specify that they are just an integral part of health care unit. The patient is the main focus of all the medical personnel while doctors, nurses and clinical assistants are just to provide OPD and ward care, administration, security and many more are just to support the former for providing safe health care. There are three ways in which Dubai Hospital is planning to improve the current usage of human resources which are work system, employee overall development and employee satisfaction. First of all if we talk about work system then there is getting full co-operation and collaboration of employees which are related through the organization which would yield favorable results in the sector of p atient satisfaction. There can be improvement by encouraging and motivating the innovative ideas through quality circle which is done to the administrative sector and ward sector of the hospital. There should be time to time boosting up of the entire department related to the health care unit of the hospital which is being done by human resource managers in Dubai hospital. They are encouraging multi skilling which has been implemented amongst hospital attendants who attend different areas with different job specifications inside hospital. There is a regular continuing medical education (CME) for various personalities attached with the hospitals which are doctors, nurses and technologists. There is weakness among all the fields which is coming in notice is that there is lack of communication with patients which was confronted in various surveys. There is recruitment being done through interview in which both aptitude and attitude information are being noticed and on the basis of thes e behavior, the deserving candidates are hired by the hospital and the new employee is firstly made familiar to the working of the manner in which the staff of hospital work through the process of induction and finally the recruiter is posted to his/her perfect place. Now if we talk about employee overall development then we must encourage it and should be continuous process. A proper training should be provided to the employee in terms of technical, managerial and behavioral field but the most important thing their training should be linked with the development of patients and as we have discussed earlier also that there should be proper and familiar communication with the patients which is more important than anything. But only training program would not work there should be development of such parameters. The parameters which should be monitored is directly related to the well being of patient that should be the ultimate aim and goal of every staff related to the hospital which w e can observe in Dubai hospital. At last we have to consider Employee satisfaction which is the primary goal of the Dubai hospital. If we talk about employee satisfaction, it is an area which is very carefully tackled by the HR manager in which they know that human tendency is that they are not satisfied with what they have achieved. Therefore, regular feedback should be taken from the employees through formal and informal assessment method which would make employees feel at least management is serious. There should be proper climate of work which should be formed in which every employees needs to be introduced to the certain awareness programs for him/her to feel proud and being cared by the organization. There should be various programs which are being made by the hospital which includes AIDS awareness program, injury on duty (IOD) facility and no loss no profit canteen facility has been given by the hospital to improve the work climate. Therefore these are the few human resource planning measure which is taken by the Dubai hospital which has excellent performance being given by the human resource manager due to which there is growth in facilities being provided by the hospital. (Ray) Recruitment, Selection and Induction- There should be first basic defining of all the terms mentioned above. Recruitment generally means the process of selecting and screening of qualifies people for a job at company or organization. There are different companies or organization which have different methods of selecting the applicants, the organization which vary in size that is according to their economy often retain professional recruiters or provide outsourcing to the recruiting agencies. Selection is the process after the recruitment of desirable applicants they have to select the proper candidate who would be best suitable for the post. Induction is the process to introduce new employee to the company and introducing them to their new role. It is the primary process for bringing staff into organization. The process provides working environment and set-up of the employee within the organization. Now discussing each topic in detail we would be taking Recruitment and selection simultaneously, An analysis of job shoul d be done in order to find out the right person for the post so that the selectors should know that which type of mental and physical characteristics should a person be comprised of so that they fit into the post and what type of attitude and qualities should be desired so that they would be fruitful for the company or organization. Effectively if we analyze then we could use selection as buying an employee and a bad guy would cost them so they uses some firm and use some external expert consultants for selection and recruitment. Some small organizations exist to Head-Hunt which means to attract staff towards them with high reputation from employers which already exist to the recruiting employers and the recruiters should be trained enough which can judge the suitability of applicants. There are main sources of recruitment which are internal promotions and introduction which is must at times desirable for morale purposes, career officers or career masters at school level, university appointment board, advertising or the use of local media. The desirable thing which is observed in many jobs that claim about statements about classification and experience which are thoroughly checked and analyzed by the organization at the time of recruiting the applicant. Any doubts related to the medical fitness and capacity should taken into consideration and should be resolved by appearing in medical examination conducted by the company which makes sure that the employee should not be suffering from severe disease which could be transferred to other employee. The main part of recruitment is interview in which interviewing could be performed by an individual or panel of interviewers or it can be done in the form of sequential interviews. Now if we talk about induction, it is an important process in which staff is brought into organization. They try to provide an introduction to the set-up of the employee and provide a working environment to the employers which could internally boost up the employee and affects the growth of the company. This whole program covers employee rights and terms and conditions of employment. The induction programme is part of an organizations various process namely knowledge management process and many more and which is intended to give platform to the starter to grow up and become useful and to become integrated member of the company. If we talk about recruitments, selection and induction in Dubai hospital then there is specific procedure followed by the recruitment of the new comers or starters in which they have to undergo many level of interviewing and many medical check ups so that if there is any disease present in the body of the employee which is transferable should be cured immediately to avoid the risk. The recruiter could be any higher officials present in the various departments of the hospitals or other higher officials which are running their own clinic, they could select their interviewee apart from their own doct ors or officials instead they can hire some other third person which should be so capable to judge a person and could find out the qualities and deficiency in an individual for selecting right person for the job. The selection criteria are fixed by the hospital in which personal skills of an individual is also being observed. Selection is also being referred to as buying of an employee because they are being distributed wages or salary for the work they are performing. Conclusion- As in above all the headings we have talked about two topics which are Human Resource Planning and Recruitment, selection and induction with respect to the Dubai hospital. Firstly human resources planning were discussed in which there was planning which should be applied in the hospitals or generally in the organization or company to uplift the performance of an individual or of company. We have talked about various method applied by the human resource manager to enhance the position of the company and to create a healthy environment in the company which is suitable for the employee to work in and now when it is turn of recruitment then there are various methods or ways in which recruitment is done and we have discussed about the application or process applied by the hospital to recruit right applicant. We can say that a satisfied human being is valuable resource which does not have any alternative. The needs of human beings are dynamic and to fulfill all those needs health organiz ations has to think dynamically after that only our valuable customer which are patients can get their need fulfilled. The responsibility and initiative of an employer could bring growth and development in latters life. Timely rewards and appraisal should be given to motivate the employee who can increase their efficiency to do work and could result in growth of company organization.

The Glass Menagerie a Memory Play - 1905 Words

The Glass Menagerie: Memory Play The Glass Menagerie is Tennessee Williams most autobiographical work. However, it is not a true autobiographical work in the sense that there is chronological order and true documented facts to his life. Instead the play is more along the line of an â€Å"emotional† autobiographical piece. At times individuals exhibit selective memory, this is a period whereby we choose to remember certain things the way we would like them to be rather than the way things actually happened. The Glass Menagerie is similar to the author’s life and his biographers often rely on it as a thematic source. The play centers around three family members – Laura, Tom and their mother Amanda. Missing from the family group is the†¦show more content†¦I was valuable to him as someone who could remember his former glory† (Williams 50). But Jim has become ambitious and has definite plans for the future. Jim’s future plans also include a fiancà © which no one, in cluding Tom is made aware of until he is almost ready to leave after his supper visit. This becomes yet another fault of Tom’s for not having informed Amanda that Jim was about to be married. Even though Tom did not know that Jim was already betrothed. We also learn that Laura had had a crush on Jim in high school and that Jim had even given her the name â€Å"Blue Roses†. This just escalates the tensions within the family unit and heightens the frustrations between Tom and Amanda. Earlier in the play during one of the angry confrontations between Tom and Amanda, Amanda yells at Tom, â€Å"Go, then! Go to the moon – you selfish dreamer!† (Williams 96). Near the end of the play their angers yet again converge and Tom leaves and informs us that, â€Å"I didn’t go to the moon, I went much further – for time is the longest distance between two places†¦ I left St. Louis, I descended the steps of the fire escape for a last time and f ollowed, from then on, in my father’s footsteps†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Williams 97). The play then ends with the enormous weight of guilt left upon Tom. There are numerous key themes in The Glass Menagerie. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams985 Words   |  4 Pages  ¨Life is all memory, except for the one present moment that goes by you so quickly you hardly catch it going. ¨ This quote by the author of The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams, describes both The Glass Menagerie, a memory play, and the life of Tennessee Williams himself, for whom memories played a large role in his life. Within the play, many parallels can be drawn between the life of Williams and the life of Tom, the main character, such as a disdain for factory work. In addition, several charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play The Glass Menagerie 1281 Words   |  6 PagesDevin Simpson Professor Carusp The Glas Menagerie 4/29/15 Within the play The Glass Menagerie, Amanda, Laura, and Tom Wingfield all of have their own dreams that are continuously destroyed by the harshness of reality. Amanda, stuck in the ease of her youth, tries to relive her life through her daughter Laura. Being crippled both physically and mentally, Laura struggles to escape the bubble she has created around herself that her mother Amanda so strongly tries to force her out of. Tom whom, althoughRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, is a play narrated by Tom Wingfield, one of the three main characters in the play. The story is based on Tom’s memories of his past life while living with his mother Amanda and sister, Laura, during 1937 in St. Louis. These memories are skewed because of his inability to escape from his feelings of entrapment and the abandonment from his sister. The title suggest that the characters are a hodgepodge of fragile, sensit ive, opposite people striving toRead More Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie If The Glass Menagerie were performed without the effects Williams wrote into the script, then the play would barely have a plot. Williams use of music, lighting and a television screen add depth and meaning to the play. He uses effects to portray the feelings of the characters, rather than their words or actions. In Toms opening speech he states thatThe play is memory. Because it is about his memories of his mother and her memories. They both spend Read MoreSymbolism In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams822 Words   |  4 Pages A play based on the power of memory, The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is a story told from Tom Wingfield’s point of view and depicts Laura’s imaginary world, a place where she can retreat and escape the reality of the present, and live in a â€Å"perfect† world. Laura’s memories from the past shape her personality, such as the name, â€Å"Blue Roses,† which illustrates her fragile nature, much like the fragility of the glass menagerie. In order to symbolize Laura Wingfield’s fragile behavior dueRead MoreEssay about Card Report- The Glass Menagerie1270 Words   |  6 PagesCard Report: â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Conflict The major conflict in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† is the feeling of hopelessness that each of the Wingfield’s struggles with. Amanda’s hopelessness comes from the feeling that she isn’t as important as she once was, as though her fame/glory is slowly fading away. It is this fear that causes her to push Laura to become more socially accepted and popular with others. Laura is extremely afraid of seeing Jim O’Connor, and beneath that we can see her insecuritiesRead More Essay on Tom in The Glass Menagerie580 Words   |  3 PagesThe Character of Tom in The Glass Menagerie    Tom Wingfield has a dual role in The Glass Menagerie. The first Tom is the narrator, who introduces his second self, the character. In his fifth soliloquy, Tom the narrator indicates that time has detached him from the drama, for time is the longest distance between two places (Williams 1568). In the closing soliloquy Tom recounts how he lives and re-lives the story in his memory, though he is detached from the participants in the original affairRead More Essay on the Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚   Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world.   The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Williams use of symbols adds depth to the play. The glass menagerie itself is a symbol Williams uses to represent the broken lives of Amanda, Laura and Tom Wingfield andRead MoreFragile as Glass in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams1148 Words   |  5 Pages In Tennessee Williams‘ play The Glass Menagerie, the audience believes that the menagerie simply refers to a glass collection owned by Laura Wingfield. Laura lives with her brother Tom and her mother Amanda. Due to her mother‘s desire for her to marry, Jim‘s introduction to the play is one as a gentleman caller. When Laura describes her glass animals to Jim, she uses her mother‘s term ―glass menagerieâ€â€" (Williams 414) for them. All of the figures are glass, but the animals in it varyRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and young

Antigone (833 words) Essay Example For Students

Antigone (833 words) Essay AntigoneAnd KreonIn Antigone, both Antigone and Kreon could be considered the tragic heroof the play. A tragic hero, defined by A Dictionary of Literary, Dramatic andCinematic Terms, is someone who suffers due to a tragic flaw, or hamartia. ThisGreek word is variously translated as tragic flaw or error orweakness. Kreons hamartia, like in many plays, is hybris ? Greek foroverweening pride, arrogance, or excessive confidence. Kreons hybris causeshim to attempt to violate the laws of order or human rights, another main partof a tragic hero. Also, like all tragic heroes, Kreon suffers because of hishamartia and then realizes his flaw. The belief that Antigone is the hero is astrong one, but there is a stronger belief that Kreon, the Ruler of Thebes, isthe true protagonist. Kreons main and foremost hamartia was his hybris, orhis extreme pride. Kreon was a new king, and he would never let anyone prove himwrong or let anyone change his mind once it was made. One main event that showedKreon s hamartia and also caused the catastrophe was when he asked his sonHaimon, who was engaged to marry Antigone, if he still loves his father. Haimonsays he respects Kreons ruling, but he feels, in this case, that Kreon waswrong. Haimon asks his father to take his advice and not have Antigone executed,but, because of Kreons hybris, Kreon gets furious and makes the situationworse then it already was. He was way too proud to take advice from someoneyounger, and in his anger he decided to kill Antigone right away in front ofHaimons eyes. Just understand: You dont insult me and go offlaughing. Bring her here! Let him see her. Kill her here, beside herbridegroom' (Sophocles 919-921). This was too much for Haimon to take, andhe runs out of the room, yelling, her death will destroy others' (Sophocles908). Blinded by his pride and arrogance, Kreon takes that remark as a threat tohimself, unknowing that it wasnt directed to himself, but was a suicidethreat by his own son. Another example of Kr eons tragic pride is when theprophet, Teiresias, travels all the way to Thebes to tell Kreon very importantnews, but Kreon pride makes him ignore it and he accuses Teiresias of beingbribed. Teiresias tells Kreon that the gods are angered by Kreons disregardfor their laws, and that Kreon should release Antigone and bury Polyneices. After Teiresias tells Kreon that he, the King of Thebes, has made a wrongdecision, Kreons tragic pride is shown again. Teiresias: ?Doesnt anyoneknow, wont anyone consider.. Kreon: ?Consider what? What universaltruths are you going to proclaim? Teiresias: ?how much more valuablethan money good advice is? Kreon: ?Or how much worse losing your judgementis? (Sophocles 1210-1214) Teiresias, a blind prophet from Delphi whom hasnever been proven wrong, tells Kreon, All mankind is subject to error. Once a mistake is made it is wise of him to make amends and not be unbending. Stubbornness is stupidity' (Sophocles 1180-1184), but Kreon remainsstubborn. Teiresias: ?And tyrants love to have their own way regardless ofright and wrong. Kreon: ?Do you know who youre talking to? Were yourrulers' (Sophocles 1225-1228). Like all tragic heroes, Kreon must sufferbecause of his hamartia. After his anagnorisis, Greek for recognition, herealizes that he was filled with too much pride and that the prophetsprediction must be true. Kreon attempts to set things right, but unfortunately,does not in time. In a very ironic peripereia, Greek for reversal, his soncommits suicide, as does his wife. This is all because of Kreons tragic flaw:Pride. Kreon realizes this, and suffers, like all tragic heroes. Suffering isone of the main parts a tragic hero: realizing his or her tragic flaw whenits too late and suffering because of it. Kreons realization of his flawis very obviously shown when he says I was wrong, not you' (Sophocles1464), and I have learned, I am ruined. It was a god. Then, right then!Hit me, held me, heaped heavy on my head' (Sophocles 1468-1469). Hissuffering is also obviously shown. Has someone a sword? I and grief areblended. I am grief' (Sophocles 1502), Hurry, take me out of the way,Im nobody. Im nothing' (Sophocles 1510-1511). Kreon is tragic herobecause his actions follow the typical tragic hero outline. He had ahamartia, a tragic flaw, which was his pride and stubbornness, or hybris. Herealized his hamartia, but unfortunately just too late, and suffered because ofit. Now, Suffering is his teacher. He has learned the hard way, but likeall tragic heroes, he has learned. Kreons character followed the basicoutline of a tragic hero. Critics to this day still argue about who is thetragic hero of Antigone, Antigone herself, or Kreon. From what I have found,Kreon seems like the perfect Tragic Hero because he fits all therequirements of a tragic hero. Antigone, on the other hand, does not. She doesnot realize her hamartia, and while Kreon must l ive with what he has done,Antigone is dead. Death, which ceases her suffering, letting her rest forinfinity.

The Wild Colonial Boy free essay sample

The wild colonial boy{Poetry Analysis) The wild colonial boy The ballad, â€Å"Wild Colonial Boy† by unknown has the context of an Australian traditional bush ballad. In this ballad there are many language techniques such as similes, metaphors, personification, repetition, rhythm and rhyme. The narrative of this ballad is that there once was a boy named Jack Doolan who robbed the rich and fed the poor. In the end he is fatally wounded by one of the troopers (police).This also leaves the question in the end that was he the good guy or the bad guy? The main setting is the Australian bush (outback) because the chorus keeps on repeating after each stanza: â€Å"Then, come all my hearties, we’ll range the mountain sides, Together we will plunger, together we will ride, We’ll scour along valleys and gallop o’er plains, we scorn to live in slavery bowed down in iron chains. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wild Colonial Boy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The consistent rhythm in this ballad is AABB. The way that the rhyming techniques are set out keeps the consistent rhythm/beat in the poem.For example in the first stanza he uses â€Å"name-Castlemaine†, â€Å"joy-boy†, the first line rhymes with second line and the third line rhymes with the last line in each stanza. Also the language used in this ballad is old English (about the middle of the 19th century). The main themes in this ballad are â€Å"the law vs. individuals† and â€Å"personal freedom†. The other themes can also be â€Å"good verses bad† because in my understanding the wild colonial boy can be the good guy and the troopers the bad or it can be the other way round.There is direct quote in only one of the stanzas which is in the second last stanza. â€Å"Surrender now, Jack Doolan, you see there’s three to one. Surrender now, Jack Doolan, you daring highwayman. † He drew a pistol from his belt, and shook the little toy. â€Å"I’ll fight, but not surrender,† said the wild Colonial boy. This dialogue tells a conversation leading to how he was defeated in the end and it tells both sides even though there isn’t much that they are saying. There is also imagery used in this ballad.The second stanza describes the outback, and the last stanza, line 3 describes perfectly how his jaw was broken. The poet uses the term â€Å"shattered†. The reason why I chose this ballad to be in my portfolio because it describes the Australian outback in those days and how hard life was for people. Some of them had to steal food and/or money, such as the wild Colonial boy. It also uses words that we don’t use words know a days such as â€Å"troopers† which we call cops/police officers. So it is good learning the vocabulary of the past and comparing it today.

william blake Essay

william blake Essay william blake Essay William Blake’s perspective using spiritual views in his poetry Society’s emphasis on religion has created many different views for people to think about. Some would agree that spirituality goes hand in hand with religion while others would disagree, arguing that the two are separate. William Blake was an unknown engraver who used his poetry to reflect his spiritual views on God and nature. William Blake is one of my favored poets because of his strong spirituality towards God, his perspective on life during innocence and then life after experience, and his use of nature throughout his creative work. In his Songs of Innocence and Experience, William Blake argues that there are â€Å"two contrary states of the human soul† and uses his view on God and nature to create his work but does not contrast between good and evil. William Blake said â€Å"there are two contrary states of the human soul†. What he meant was that there is a stage when one is young and innocent; and then comes a stage where one matures and goes through a va riety of experiences. It may cause disappointment and sadness however it will bring different outlooks on life. Blake uses few poems to contrast between innocence and experience, such as â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† in the Song of Innocence. The poem reflects on a young Tom Dacre who was sold by his father and got his head shaved but is comforted by an Angel while asleep. â€Å"There’s little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head That curl’d like a lamb’s back, was shav’d†. While Tom was asleep, he had a dream that other sweepers were locked in coffins of black but by came an Angel who unlocked the coffins free. â€Å"And by came an Angel who had a bright key, And he open’d the coffins â€Å"They clothed me in the clothes of death,† It seems as if the children are being hurt by the parents, the chimney owners, and the churches. The last stanza displays a more negative view â€Å"And because I am happy,

Post-Compulsory Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Post-Compulsory Education - Essay Example It was the emphasis upon further education providing a preparation for jobs which underpinned the new vocationalism of the 1980s. However, in more recent years, the provision of a 'vocational education' has come to be recognised as a more complex matter than that of simply training students in job-specific skills. While it is true to say that General, Liberal and Social Studies appendages to post -war vocational courses were an attempt to provide students with a wider educational base to their studies, it was the BTEC curriculum introduced from the early 1980s which took the first significant steps towards a preparation for work within a broader concept of vocational education. The development of TVEI as an enhancement curriculum, of generic and core skills, and of modular course structures such as GNVQ can be seen as further evidence of some general shift towards a broader, re-focused vocationalism. The reasons behind these shifts are themselves interesting and result from analyses of the changing needs of the economy, the labour market and, in particular, the nature of work. Post -Fordist and other analyses of current and prospective transformations in Western societies have stressed a requirement for some form of 'flexible' knowledge worker within collaborative, hightrust, high-skill, work relations (Brown and Lauder, 1991) and it is with some, albeit hasty and superficial, appreciation of these requirements that curriculum development has been stimulated. I say hasty and superficial because, a high degree of uncertainty still surrounds the extent of, the directions of, and the full implications of the developments anticipated in the post -Fordist analysis. Indeed, evidence of the anticipated flatter, leaner, hierarchies is not in great abundance, at least in Britain. Moreover, the surface features of post -Fordism are largely indistinguishable from those of the 'enterprise c ulture' and, where curriculum developments do not address fundamental differences between the two, their unresolved contradictions are carried forward into course planning. 'Student-centred learning', 'autonomy', 'entitlement', 'empowerment', 'democracy' and 'citizenship', which figure prominently in recent curriculum developments, are examples of concepts in popular use in post-compulsory education whose rhetorical value is their power to legitimise and compel common assent to curriculum innovations but whose more sinister function is to obscure the need for critical examination of those innovations (Avis, 1993:13-14). Nonetheless, many of the reforms to have taken place in post-compulsory education since the early 1990s, despite the problematic nature of their underlying evidence and logic, reflect a clear and visible attempt to shift from a narrowly focused 'preparation for work' towards some notion of preparation 'for life', 'for citizenship', 'for multi-skilled work' and 'for collaborative work relationships'. While the effects of such shifts are most evident in full-time vocational courses, and to some extent in A-level programmes, they have received little or no recognition in NVQ levels 1, 2 and 3. Consequently, the once clear purpose of vocational education has become bifurcated into 'vocational education' based in some broader concepts of vocation and preparation and 'occupational training' whose primary concern is to equip learners with skills for jobs. We can say that

Econ3077 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ3077 - Essay Example In such cases, a buyer will be willing to purchase or rather to pay an average price for any quality stock. At this point, he brings in the idea of high and a low quality company. For a high quality company, the executives will not be willing to sell anything at an average price; whether stock or shares. However, for the companies that agree to sell at an average price, they are deemed to be of low quality since it will destroy the quality of the stock market. Additionally, Akerlof (2003) mentions how heterogeneity in quality and the asymmetric information leads to diminishing or distraction of markets that have indefinite guarantees. Thus, presence of asymmetry information makes the buyer not to distinguish the quality of products. As a result, this gives sellers an opportunity to sell the low-quality goods at the same value as the high quality goods. However, the buyer takes quality into consideration and the goods with the average quality are the only ones considered. Consequentially, the goods that have high quality will be driven off the market in a recurring manner until there is no trade